Vitamin K2
Directs calcium to your bones, not your arteries.
Widespread subclinical deficiency; most Western diets provide very little K2
Why it matters for longevity
Vitamin K2 activates proteins that guide calcium into bones and teeth while keeping it out of soft tissues like arteries. Without adequate K2, calcium can accumulate in blood vessels, contributing to arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease. The Rotterdam Study found that high vitamin K2 intake was associated with a 57% reduction in death from heart disease over 7-10 years.
How much you need
No official RDA; adequate intake for vitamin K (K1 + K2) is 120mcg for men, 90mcg for women
Longevity researchers suggest 100-200mcg of K2 (MK-7 form) daily, separate from vitamin K1.
Signs you might be low
- Easy bruising
- Weakening bones despite calcium intake
- Dental problems or cavities
- Arterial calcification on imaging
Best food sources
Key research
Geleijnse JM et al. (2004). Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. Journal of Nutrition, 134(11), 3100-3105.
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