Vitamins

Vitamin K2

Directs calcium to your bones, not your arteries.

Widespread subclinical deficiency; most Western diets provide very little K2

Why it matters for longevity

Vitamin K2 activates proteins that guide calcium into bones and teeth while keeping it out of soft tissues like arteries. Without adequate K2, calcium can accumulate in blood vessels, contributing to arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease. The Rotterdam Study found that high vitamin K2 intake was associated with a 57% reduction in death from heart disease over 7-10 years.

How much you need

RDA

No official RDA; adequate intake for vitamin K (K1 + K2) is 120mcg for men, 90mcg for women

Optimal

Longevity researchers suggest 100-200mcg of K2 (MK-7 form) daily, separate from vitamin K1.

Signs you might be low

  • Easy bruising
  • Weakening bones despite calcium intake
  • Dental problems or cavities
  • Arterial calcification on imaging

Best food sources

FoodPer serving
Natto (3.5 oz)1,103mcg
Gouda cheese (1 oz)20mcg
Brie cheese (1 oz)15mcg
Egg yolks (2 large)32mcg
Chicken liver (3 oz)13mcg

Key research

Geleijnse JM et al. (2004). Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. Journal of Nutrition, 134(11), 3100-3105.

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