Vitamins

Vitamin C

A potent antioxidant that supports collagen and immune defense.

~7% of the US population is vitamin C deficient; ~30% have suboptimal levels

Why it matters for longevity

Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and iron absorption. As one of the body's primary water-soluble antioxidants, it neutralizes free radicals and regenerates vitamin E. A European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study found that a 20 umol/L increase in plasma vitamin C was associated with a 20% reduction in all-cause mortality.

How much you need

RDA

90mg for men, 75mg for women; smokers need 35mg more

Optimal

Researchers suggest 200-500mg daily from food sources to maintain tissue saturation.

Signs you might be low

  • Easy bruising
  • Slow wound healing
  • Bleeding or swollen gums
  • Dry, rough skin
  • Frequent infections

Best food sources

FoodPer serving
Red bell pepper (1/2 cup)95mg
Orange (1 medium)70mg
Kiwi (1 medium)71mg
Broccoli, cooked (1/2 cup)51mg
Strawberries (1/2 cup)49mg

Key research

Khaw KT et al. (2001). Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk. The Lancet, 357(9257), 657-663.

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