Vitamin C
A potent antioxidant that supports collagen and immune defense.
~7% of the US population is vitamin C deficient; ~30% have suboptimal levels
Why it matters for longevity
Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and iron absorption. As one of the body's primary water-soluble antioxidants, it neutralizes free radicals and regenerates vitamin E. A European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study found that a 20 umol/L increase in plasma vitamin C was associated with a 20% reduction in all-cause mortality.
How much you need
90mg for men, 75mg for women; smokers need 35mg more
Researchers suggest 200-500mg daily from food sources to maintain tissue saturation.
Signs you might be low
- Easy bruising
- Slow wound healing
- Bleeding or swollen gums
- Dry, rough skin
- Frequent infections
Best food sources
Key research
Khaw KT et al. (2001). Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk. The Lancet, 357(9257), 657-663.
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