Vitamins

Vitamin B12

Critical for nerves and blood cells, absorption drops with age.

~6% of adults under 60 and ~20% of adults over 60 are B12 deficient in the US

Why it matters for longevity

Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve myelination, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis. Deficiency causes irreversible neurological damage if untreated. Absorption decreases significantly with age due to declining stomach acid production. Up to 43% of older adults have low or marginal B12 status, making it one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in aging populations.

How much you need

RDA

2.4mcg for adults

Optimal

Longevity-focused practitioners often target serum B12 above 500 pg/mL, requiring 500-1,000mcg supplementation for older adults.

Signs you might be low

  • Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Difficulty with balance
  • Memory problems or confusion
  • Sore, swollen tongue

Best food sources

FoodPer serving
Clams (3 oz)84mcg
Beef liver (3 oz)70.7mcg
Nutritional yeast (1 tbsp)2.4mcg
Wild salmon (3 oz)4.8mcg
Tuna (3 oz)2.5mcg

Key research

Allen LH (2009). How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(2), 693S-696S.

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