Compounds

Polyphenols

Plant defense compounds that protect your cells too.

No formal deficiency metric; most Western diets provide fewer polyphenols than traditional Mediterranean or Okinawan diets

Why it matters for longevity

Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in colorful plant foods that act as powerful antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. They activate longevity pathways like AMPK and sirtuins, protect against cardiovascular disease, and support gut microbiome diversity. The PREDIMED trial showed that a polyphenol-rich Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil reduced cardiovascular events by 30%.

How much you need

RDA

No official RDA established

Optimal

Researchers estimate that 500-1,500mg of total polyphenols daily is associated with the greatest health benefits.

Signs you might be low

  • Frequent oxidative stress markers
  • Poor recovery from exercise
  • Premature skin aging
  • Chronic low-grade inflammation

Best food sources

FoodPer serving
Blueberries (1 cup)500mg
Dark chocolate 85% (1 oz)250mg
Green tea (1 cup)150mg
Extra virgin olive oil (1 tbsp)30mg
Red onion (1/2 cup)100mg

Key research

Estruch R et al. (2018). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(25), e34.

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