Minerals

Iron

Vital for oxygen transport, but balance is key.

~10% of US women of childbearing age are iron deficient; ~2% of men

Why it matters for longevity

Iron is essential for hemoglobin production, oxygen transport, and cellular energy metabolism. Both deficiency and excess are harmful. Iron deficiency causes anemia and fatigue, while excess iron promotes oxidative damage and is linked to increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Maintaining optimal iron status is one of the most important mineral balancing acts for longevity.

How much you need

RDA

8mg for men and postmenopausal women, 18mg for premenopausal women

Optimal

Longevity researchers recommend maintaining ferritin levels between 40-100 ng/mL. Excess iron is as dangerous as deficiency.

Signs you might be low

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Pale skin and brittle nails
  • Cold hands and feet
  • Shortness of breath during exercise
  • Restless legs

Best food sources

FoodPer serving
Oysters (3 oz)8mg
Beef liver (3 oz)5mg
Lentils, cooked (1 cup)6.6mg
Spinach, cooked (1 cup)6.4mg
Dark chocolate 70-85% (1 oz)3.4mg

Key research

Zacharski LR et al. (2008). Reduction of iron stores and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease. American Heart Journal, 155(3), 579-586.

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