Minerals
Copper
A trace mineral that powers your mitochondria and connective tissue.
Copper is essential for mitochondrial energy production, iron metabolism, connective tissue formation, and the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. It also plays a role in neurotransmitter synthesis and immune function. Copper and zinc have a critical balance; excess zinc supplementation without copper can cause deficiency.
Dosage
RDA: 900mcg for adults
Optimal for longevity: Researchers recommend 1-2mg daily from food, maintaining a proper zinc-to-copper ratio of roughly 10:1.
Deficiency signs
~25% of adults globally may have marginal copper status based on dietary surveys
- Anemia that does not respond to iron
- Frequent infections
- Osteoporosis or bone fractures
- Premature gray hair
Top food sources
Research
Klevay LM (2011). Is the Western diet adequate in copper? Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 25(4), 204-212.
Track your copper intake
Biohack logs copper alongside 22 other longevity nutrients in every meal.
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