Minerals

Copper

A trace mineral that powers your mitochondria and connective tissue.

Copper is essential for mitochondrial energy production, iron metabolism, connective tissue formation, and the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. It also plays a role in neurotransmitter synthesis and immune function. Copper and zinc have a critical balance; excess zinc supplementation without copper can cause deficiency.

Dosage

RDA: 900mcg for adults

Optimal for longevity: Researchers recommend 1-2mg daily from food, maintaining a proper zinc-to-copper ratio of roughly 10:1.

Deficiency signs

~25% of adults globally may have marginal copper status based on dietary surveys

  • Anemia that does not respond to iron
  • Frequent infections
  • Osteoporosis or bone fractures
  • Premature gray hair

Top food sources

Beef liver (3 oz)12.4mg
Oysters (3 oz)4.8mg
Dark chocolate 70-85% (1 oz)0.5mg
Cashews (1 oz)0.6mg
Shiitake mushrooms (1 cup)1.3mg

Research

Klevay LM (2011). Is the Western diet adequate in copper? Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 25(4), 204-212.

Track your copper intake

Biohack logs copper alongside 22 other longevity nutrients in every meal.

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