Minerals

Copper

A trace mineral that powers your mitochondria and connective tissue.

~25% of adults globally may have marginal copper status based on dietary surveys

Why it matters for longevity

Copper is essential for mitochondrial energy production, iron metabolism, connective tissue formation, and the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. It also plays a role in neurotransmitter synthesis and immune function. Copper and zinc have a critical balance; excess zinc supplementation without copper can cause deficiency.

How much you need

RDA

900mcg for adults

Optimal

Researchers recommend 1-2mg daily from food, maintaining a proper zinc-to-copper ratio of roughly 10:1.

Signs you might be low

  • Anemia that does not respond to iron
  • Frequent infections
  • Osteoporosis or bone fractures
  • Premature gray hair

Best food sources

FoodPer serving
Beef liver (3 oz)12.4mg
Oysters (3 oz)4.8mg
Dark chocolate 70-85% (1 oz)0.5mg
Cashews (1 oz)0.6mg
Shiitake mushrooms (1 cup)1.3mg

Key research

Klevay LM (2011). Is the Western diet adequate in copper? Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 25(4), 204-212.

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