Compounds
Choline
Essential for your liver, brain, and every cell membrane.
Choline is a precursor to acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter critical for memory), phosphatidylcholine (the primary component of cell membranes), and betaine (important for methylation and liver health). Inadequate choline intake accelerates liver fat accumulation and is linked to cognitive decline. Despite its importance, choline was only recognized as an essential nutrient by the IOM in 1998.
Dosage
RDA: 550mg for men, 425mg for women
Optimal for longevity: Longevity researchers recommend meeting or exceeding the adequate intake, aiming for 500-600mg daily from food.
Deficiency signs
~90% of Americans do not meet the adequate intake for choline
- Fatigue and low energy
- Memory problems
- Muscle aches after exercise
- Mood changes
Top food sources
Research
Zeisel SH, da Costa KA (2009). Choline: an essential nutrient for public health. Nutrition Reviews, 67(11), 615-623.
Track your choline intake
Biohack logs choline alongside 22 other longevity nutrients in every meal.
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